What's the difference between `map`, `forEach` and `for...of`?

Question

All three loop over an array. When should I pick which one? Is one faster?

Accepted Answer

- **`map`** *transforms* an array into a new array of the same length. Use it when you want the result.
  ```js
  const names = users.map(u => u.name);
  ```
- **`forEach`** runs a side effect for each item and returns `undefined`. You can't `break` out of it, and it **does not wait for `await`** inside the callback.
- **`for...of`** is a normal loop. It supports `break`/`continue`, and `await` works as expected, sequentially:
  ```js
  for (const id of ids) {
    await save(id);
  }
  ```

Rule of thumb: `map`/`filter`/`reduce` for data transformation, `for...of` for anything with control flow or `await`. Performance differences are irrelevant for normal array sizes.

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